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Opfermann P, Marhofer P, Springer A, Metzelder M, Zadrazil M, Schmid W. A prospective observational study on the feasibility of subumbilical laparoscopic procedures under epidural anesthesia in sedated spontaneously breathing infants with a natural airway. Paediatr Anaesth. 2022 Jan;32(1):49-55. doi: 10.1111/pan.14302. Epub 2021 Oct 8. (IF 2,556)

 

Tack LJW, Spinoit AF, Hoebeke P, Riedl S, Springer A, Tonnhofer U, Hiess M, Weninger J, Mahmoud A, Tilleman K, Van Laecke E, Juul A, Albrethsen J, De Baere E, Van De Velde J, Verdin H, Cools M. Endocrine outcome and seminal parameters in young adult men born with hypospadias: A cross-sectional cohort study. 2022 Jul;81:104119. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104119 (IF 8.143)

 

Tack LJW, Springer A, Riedl S, Tonnhofer U, Hiess M, Weninger J, Mahmoud A, Van Laecke E, Hoebeke P, Cools M, Spinoit AF. Adolescent and Young Adult Urogenital Outcome following Childhood Hypospadias Repair: Perfection Revisited. J Urol. 2021 Sep;206(3):734-744. (IF 7,45)

 

Tack LJW, Springer A, Riedl S, Tonnhofer U, Weninger J, Hiess M, Van Laecke E, Hoebeke P, Spinoit AF, Cools M, Van Hoecke M. Psychosexual outcome, sexual function and long-term satisfaction of adolescent and young adult (AYA) men following childhood hypospadias repair. J Sex Med, 2020 May 19;S1743-6095(20)30207-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.04.002 (IF 3.293)

 

Tack LJW, van der Straaten S, Riedl S, Springer A, et al.Growth, puberty and testicular function in boys born small for gestational age with a nonspecific disorder of sex development. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2022;96:165-174.

Hebenstreit D, Ahmed SF, Krone N, Krall C, Bryce J, Acerini C, Alvi S, Balsamo A, Birkebaek N, Bonfig W, van der Grinten H, Correa Costa E, Darendeliler F, de Vries L, Flueck C, Guran T, Güven A, Iotova V, Koehler B, Konrad D, Korbonits M, Krone R, Milenkovic T, Rey R, Ross R, Schröder JT,  Springer A. Surgical Practice In Girls With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia – An International Registry  Study, J Urol, in revison, 2020

 

Leunbach TL, O’Toole S, Springer A, Williamson P, Ahmed SF. A Systematic Review Of Core Outcomes For Hypospadias Surgery, Sex Dev. 2019 Dec 20. doi: 10.1159/000504973

van der Straaten S, Springer A, Zecic A, Hebenstreit D, Tonnhofer U, Gawlik A, Baumert, Szeliga K, Debulpaep A, Desloovere A, Tack L, Smets K, Wasniewska M, Corica D, Calafiore M, Ljubicic L, Busch AS, Juul A, Nordenström A, Sigurdsson J, Flück CE, Haamberg T, Graf S, Hannema SE, Wolffenbuttel KP, Ahmed FS, Cools M. The External Genitalia Score (EGS): A European multicenter validation study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Mar 1;105(3). pii: dgz142. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgz142

Tonnhofer U, Hiess M, Metzelder M, Hebenstreit D, Springer A. Midline Incision of a Graft in Staged Hypospadias Repair–Feasible and Durable? Front Pediatr, 2019, doi: 10.3389/fped.2019.00060

Flück C, Nordenström A, AhmedFS, AliSR, Berra M, Hall J, Köhler B, Pasterski V, Robeva R, Schweizer K, Springer A, Westerveld P, Hiort O, Cools M, on behalf of COST Action BM1303 working group 1. Standardised data collection for clinical follow-up and assessment of outcomes in Differences of Sex Development (DSD): Recommendations from the COST Action DSDnet, Eur J Endocrinol, 2019, accepted

Hiort O, Cools M, Springer A,  McElreavey K, Greenfield A, Wudy SA, Kulle A, Ahmed FS, Dessens A, Balsamo A, Maghnie M, Bonomi M, Dattani M, Persani L, Audi L, on behalf of COST Actions DSDnet and GnRHnetwork. accepted in Nature Rev Endocrinol, 2019

Springer A. Optimal management of undescended testis in boys with cerebral palsy. Sex Dev. 2019 Feb 1. doi: 10.1159/000496463.

Langer S, Radtke C, Györi E, Springer A, Metzelder ML. Bladder augmentation in children: current problems and experimental strategies for reconstruction. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2018 Aug 6. doi:10.1007/s10354-018-0645-z

 

Hebenstreit D, Csaicsich D, Hebenstreit K, Müller-Sacherer T, Berlakovich G, Springer A. Long-term outcome of Pediatric Renal Transplantation in Boys with Posterior Urethral Valves, Urology, J Ped Surg, 2018 Jul 6. pii: S0022-3468(18)30432-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.07.003

 

Sanders C. Springer A, et al. A shared European community learning exercise between adults, parents and professionals in the area of sex development. Sex Dev. 2018 Jun 23. doi: 10.1159/000490081

 

Martine Cools, Anna Nordenström, Ralitsa Robeva, Joanne Hall, Puck Westerveld, Christa Flück, Birgit Köhler, Marta Berra, Alexander Springer, Katinka Schweizer, Vickie Pasterski, COST Action BM1303 working group 1. Follow-up of individuals with differences of sex development across the life span: an expert opinion. 2018, Nat Rev Endocrinol, 14:415-429

 

Kudela G, Smyczek D, Springer A, Korecka K, Koszutski T. No appendix is too short - Simultaneous Mitrofanoff catheterizable vesicostomy and Malone antegrade continence enema for children with spina bifida, 2018, Urology. 2018;116:205-207

An update of current practice in hypospadias surgery. Springer A, Tekgül S, Subramaniam R. Eur Urol Suppl. 2017; 16(1):8-15

 

Cools M, Simmonds M, Elford S, Gorter J, Ahmed SF, D'Alberton F, Springer A, Hiort O; Management Committee of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology Action BM1303. Response to the Council of Europe Human Rights Commissioner's Issue Paper on Human Rights and Intersex People. Eur Urol. 2016 May 19. pii: S0302-2838(16)30179-8. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.05.015.

 

Springer A, van den Heijkant M, Baumann S. Worldwide prevalence of hypospadias. J Pediatr Urol. 2016;12(3):152.e1-7

 

Meier SM, Wultsch A, Hollaus M, Ammann M, Pemberger E, Liebscher F, Lambers B, Fruhwürth S, Stojakovic, T, Scharnagl H, Schmidt A, Springer A, Becker J, Graf A, Aufricht C, Handisurya A, Kapeller S, Röhrl C, Stangl H, Strobl W. Effect of chronic kidney disease on macrophage cholesterol efflux. Life Sci. 2015 Jun 30. pii: S0024-3205(15)00328-8

Tonnhofer U, Springer A. Hypospadias. Classification and therapy 2015  [Hypospadie: Klassifikation und Therapie 2015]. Chirurgische Praxis. 2015 80(2):293-300

 

Springer  A, Kratochwill K, Huber J, Bergmeister H, Csaicsich D, Mayer B, Mühlberger I, Stahlschmidt J, Subramaniam R, Aufricht C. A fetal sheep model for studying compensatory mechanisms in the healthy contralateral kidney after unilateral ureteral obstruction. J Pediatr Urol. 2015 Jul 3. pii: S1477-5131(15)00238-7

 

Springer A, Baskin LS. Timing of hypospadias repair in patients with disorders of sex development. Endocr Dev. 2014;27:197-202.

 

González R, Lopez Pereira P, Ludwikowski BM, Springer A, Stein R, Warne SA. Reflections on the 25th congress of the European society for pediatric urology part 1. Front Pediatr. 2014 Jun 17;2:64

 

Springer A. Assessment of Outcome in Hypospadias Surgery - A Review. Front Pediatr. 2014 Jan 20;2:2

 

Springer A, Subramaniam R. Relevance of current guidelines in the management of VUR Eur J Pediatr, 173:835-43, 2014

 

Murphy F. et al. The British Association of Paediatric Urologists Consensus Statement on the Management of Undescended Testes, Cambridge, 2013

 

Riedl S, Springer A, Häusler G, Richter-Unruh A, Wudy SA, Stener-Victorin E. Hypothesis: an LH/hCG receptor-mediated mechanism leads to gestational ovarian hyperstimulation associated with prolonged post partum hyperandrogenism in mothers of aromatase deficient babies. 2013 Aug;98(8):3115-20.

 

Springer A, Subramaniam R, Krall C, Fülöp G. Orchidopexy patterns in Austria from 1993 to 2009. J Pediatr Urol. 2013 Oct;9(5):535-41

 

Springer A, Subramaniam R.  Preliminary Experience with the Use of Acellular Collagen Matrix in Redo Surgery for Urethrocutaneous Fistula. Urology. 2012 Nov;80(5):1156-60

 

Springer A, Subramaniam R. Split Dorsal Dartos Flap Transposed Ventrally as a Bed for Preputial Skin Graft in Primary Staged Hypospadias Repair. Urology. 2012;79:939-42

 

Springer A, Kidger E, Krois W, Fengler D, Reck CA, Horcher E. Decision-making among different treatment options for neurologic impaired boys with undescended testis - A multinational pediatric survey, 2013 Feb;9(1):42-5

 

Springer  A, Kratochwill K, Bergmeister H, Csaicsich D,  Huber J,  Bilban M, Mayer B, Mühlberger I, Amann G, Horcher E, Aufricht C. A combined transcriptomics and bioinformatics approach in unilateral ureteral obstructive uropathy in the fetal sheep model, J Urol. 2012, 187:751-756

 

Springer A, Krois W, Horcher E. Trends in Hypospadias Surgery - Results of a Worldwide Survey. Eur Urol. 2011; 60: 1184-9

 

Springer A, Reck CA, Huber C, Horcher E. Online hypospadias support group data analysis. J Pediatr Surg. 2011;46:520-4

 

Springer A, Horcher E. Korrektur der Hypospadie und psychosexuelle Entwicklung. Ärztewoche. 2010. 30-1

 

Springer A, Horcher E. Die Behandlung der Hypospadie. Arzt und Kind. 2010; 5:16-19

 

Springer A, Huber  C, Reck C.A, Fengler D, Horcher E. Delayed referral despite appropriate knowledge in cryptorchidism as a cause of delayed orchidopexies in Austria. Klin Pad. 2010; 222:248-251

 

Springer A, Horcher E. Hypospadie. Pädiatrie und Pädiologie. 2009;1:24-7

 

Springer A. Hodenhochstand rechtzeitig behandeln. Ärztewoche. 2007 12:10

 

Springer A, Rebhandl W, Horcher E. Chirurgie der Hypospadie. Pädiatrie und Pädiologie. 2006 3:24-7

 

Springer A, Horcher E. Hodenhochstand - Entstehung, Diagnostik und Therapie. Pädiatrie und Pädiologie. 2006 5:16-21

 

Saxena AK, Springer A, Tsokas J, Willital GH: Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Children With Enterobius vermicularis. Surg Laparosc Endosc. 2001 11:284-286

 

 

Editorials/Letters

Springer A. Re: Response to letter to the editor re ‘Worldwide prevalence of hypospadias’, J Ped Urol, 2016, 12:445

 

Springer A: Re: Shalaby R. et al. Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair; experience with 874 children. J Pediatr Surg 2014;49:460–4, . J Pediatr Surg, in press

 

Springer A. Re: Steven L, Cherian A, Yankovic F, Mathur A, Kulkarni M, Cuckow P. Current practice in paediatric hypospadias surgery: A specialist survey. J Pediatr Urol. 2013 May 16. doi:pii: S1477-5131(13)00101-0. 10.1016/j.jpurol.2013.04.008. J Pediatr Urol. 2013 Dec;9(6 Pt B):1107

 

Springer A. Editorial Comment to Coverage of urethroplasty in pediatric hypospadias: Randomized comparison between different flaps Int J Urol. 2013 Oct;20(10):1006

 

Springer A, Subramaniam R. Re: Serdar Tekgül, Hubertus Riedmiller, Piet Hoebeke, et al. EAU Guidelines on Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children. Eur Urol 2012;62;534–42. Eur Urol (2012), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2012.08.021

 

Springer A. Re: Antonella Giannantoni. Hypospadias Classification and Repair: The Riddle of the Sphinx. Eur Urol 2011; 60:1191-2

 

 

Case Reports

Springer A, Hojreh A. Epididymal reflux in posterior urethral valves, Urology 2011;78:60

 

Springer A, Fartacek R, Horcher E. Appendix vermiformis as left pyelo-ureteral substitute in a 6-month-old girl with solitary kidney. AJPS, 2011; 8:218-20

 

Springer A, Fartacek R, Reck CA, Horcher E, Bettelheim D. Major Complication after intrauterine vesico-amniotic shunting. AJPS, 2010; 7:200-2

 

Springer A, Reck C.A, Hörmann M, Messerschmidt A, Horcher E, Rebhandl W. Gastric Pneumatosis in Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Klin Pad. 2010;222:273

 

Springer A, Hörmann M, Horcher E, Rebhandl W. Pränatal diagnostizierte cystisch-hämorrhagische Raumforderung der Nebenniere. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2007 54-6

 

Metzelder ML, Springer A, August C, Willital GH. Neonatal hemoperitoneum caused by a congenital liver angioma. J Pediatr Surg. 2004 39:234-6

 

Bittmann S, Ulus H, Springer A: Combined pentalogy of Cantrell with tetralogy of Fallot, gallbladder agenesis, and polysplenia: a case report. J Pediatr Surg. 2004 39:107-9

 

Springer A, Tsokas J, Saxena AK, Willital GH: Isolated Appendicitis in a 960g Preterm Infant. Surg Childh Intern 2000 4:326-7

 

Springer A, Saxena AK. Willital GH: Angiomyolipoma mimicking malignant tumor of the kidney. Angiomyolipoma with hypertension mimicking a malignant renal tumor. Pediatr Surg Int. 2002 18:526-8

 

Bittmann S, Hebestreit A, Springer A: Pentalogy of Cantrell: Two cases and Review of the literature. Surg Childh Intern 2001 1:47-9

 

Hebestreit, A. Springer, S. Bittmann, G. Kehl, G. Willital Schwere Methämoglobinämie durch Prilocain und externe Benzocain-Applikation. Klin Pädiatr 2000 212:S158

 

 

Dissertation

Ausgewählte immunologische Parameter bei Allergie-Risiko-Kindern – eine deskriptive Studie. Eingereicht März 2001.

 

 

Buchbeiträge

Subramaniam R, Springer A. Ureteral Duplication and Duplex Systems. In: Puri P. Pediatric Surgery – Pediatric Urology, Springer, Heidelberg, in press

 

Springer A. Hypospadias and the Internet. In Hadidi A.T., Azmy A.F. Hypospadias Surgery. An Illustrated Guide, 2. Edition. Springer, in Press

Springer A, Spinoit AF, Nappo S, Badawy H, Wallis C, Hoebeke P, et al. Current Best Practice Options in the management of hypospadias. In: DeVries CR, Nijman JM, editors. Congenital Anomalies in Children - A Joint SIU-ICUD International Consultation. Montreal: Société Internationale d’Urologie (SIU); 2014. p. 52-78

 

Springer A, Eardley I, Subramaniam R. How to Carry Out a Videocystometrogram (VCUG). In: Imaging and Technology in Urology - Principles and Clinical Applications, p. 153-6, 1. Edition, Springer, Heidelberg, 2012

                                                                                          

Springer A. Balanitis xerotica obliterans. In Hadidi A.T., Azmy A.F. Hypospadias Surgery. An Illustrated Guide, 2. Edition. Springer, in Press

 

Springer A. Immunglobuline, Impfparameter und IgE. In: LARS - Untersuchungen zum möglichen Einfluß von Exposition auf Entwicklungsparameter von Neugeborenen - Abschlußbericht. Leipzig, 2000

 

 

Vorträge

Springer A. Die Entwicklung humoraler immunolgischer Parameter in der LARS-Studie. Leipzig, UFZ Leipzig-Halle GmbH, 1998

 

Springer A, Willital GH. Anorectal manometry as a differential diagnosic procedure for functional or organic constipation in childhood. Münster 2000

 

Springer A, Willital GH. EDBEC –Eine Europäische Datenbank für Komplikationen in der Kinderchirurgie, München, 2001

 

Tsokas J, Springer A, Willital GH. Anorectal muscle stimulation in newborns with anorectal malformations - new findings in operative treatment. Acta Chir Austriaca Suppl 172:7

 

Saxena AK, Springer A, Willital GH: Congenital anterior abdominal wall defects – An era of solvent dried dura patch management. World Congress of Surgery, Brüssel, 2001

 

Springer A, Saxena AK, Reich A, Willital GH: Spinalanästhesie in der Chirurgie des Neu- und Frühgeborenen. Schmerz in der akuten Chirurgie, Köln, 2001

 

Basting RF, Springer A: A new operative technique in induratio penis plastica. Congress of the European Society of Sexology, Cypress, 2002

 

Springer A, Perovic S, Basting R: Neophalloplasty after Traumatic Penis Amputation in a 15 Year old Boy, Surgery in Children, Münster, 2002

 

Springer A, Meier M, Klebermas K, Rebhandl W, Horcher E. Gastroschisis and omphalocele – A 10 year single center experience, Münster, 2005

 

Springer A, Hörmann M, Rebhandl W, Horcher E. Surgical reconstruction of urogenital and anorectal malformations in minimally conjoined twins (omphalopagus), Köln, 2005

 

Springer A, Hörmann M, Horcher E. Urogenital reconstruction in minimally conjoined twins, Heidelberg, 2005

 

Springer A, Hörmann M, Horcher E. Prune belly syndrome – A diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma, Heidelberg, 2005

 

Springer A. Hypospadias, Wien, 2005

 

Springer A, Meier M, Klebermass K, Rebhandl W, Horcher E. Gastroschisis and omphalocele – the Vienna Concept, Wien, 2005

 

Springer A, Amann G, Horcher E Gastrointestinal Stromatumor in a 12 year old female (GIST), St. Wolfgang, 2005

 

Springer A, Horcher E. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the urogenital tract in children, Wien, 2005

 

Springer A, Horcher E, Waldhauser F. Kallmann Syndrome –Treatment in early  childhood, Istanbul, 2005

 

Springer A, Meier M, Klebermass K, Horcher E, Rebhandl W. Treatment of Gastroschisis –Why change a running Horse? Obergurgl, 2006, Eur. Surg 2006; 38:25, Supplement 208

 

Springer A, Rebhandl W, Amann G, Hörmann M, Zoubek A, Horcher E. Rare Malignant and Benign Tumors of the Kidney in Childhood. Obergurgl, 2006, Eur. Surg 2006; 38:14, Supplement 208

 

Springer A, Horcher E. Epididymitis, Wien, 2006, Eur. Surg 2006; 38:65, Supplement 209

 

Springer A, Hörmann M, Horcher E. Epididymitis in Childhood, Wien, 2006

 

Springer A, Horcher E. Hodenhochstand - Zeitgerechte Behandlung, Bregenz, 2006

 

Springer A, Horcher E. Endoskopie in der Kinderchirurgie - Cystoskopie, Bregenz, 2006

 

Springer A, Zoubek A, Horcher E. Renal Tumors, Delhi, India, 2006

 

Springer A, Schweikert U, Hiort O, Holterhus M, Wudy S, Horcher E, Waldhauser F. Atypical 5a-Reductase Deficiency, Portoroz, Slovenia, 2006 Slov Pedir 2006; 13:146

 

Springer A, Horcher E. Hypospadie - Entstehung, Diagnostik und Therapie, Wien, 2006

 

Springer A, Horcher E. Hodenhochstand - Entstehung, Diagnostik und Therapie. Preyer’sches Kinderspital, Wien, 2007

 

Springer A, Horcher E. Kinderurologische Notfälle im Neugeborenenalter, Wien, 2007

 

Springer A, Aufricht C, Horcher E, Bettelheim D. Prenatal Urinary Extravastion in Obstructive Uropathy. Obergurgl, 2007 Eur. Surg 2007; 39:5, Supplement 214

 

Springer A, Meier M, Rebhandl W,  Horcher E, Deutinger J. Prenatal Findings in Complicated Gastroschisis. Obergurgl, 2007 Eur. Surg 2007; 39:8, Supplement 214

 

Springer A, Horcher E. Appendix vermiformis as left ureteral substitution in a 10 months old girl. Alötting, 2007

 

Springer A, Horcher E. Hodenhochstand – Die zeitgerechte Behandlung. Altötting, 2007

 

Springer A, Meier M, Rebhandl W, Horcher E. Gastroschisis – Surgical Tradition versus New Concepts. Graz, 2007, Eur. Surg 2007; 39:52, Supplement 215

 

Springer A, Horcher E.  Hypospadie – Embryologie, Endokrinologie und Molekulargenetik. Wien 2007

 

Springer A, Straub J, Horcher E, Rebhandl W. Kryptorchismus – Zeitgerechte Behandlung. Wien 2007

 

Springer A, Horcher E. Behandlung der Urethralklappe. Wien 2008

 

Springer A, Horcher E, Aktuelles zum Hodenhochstand. Wien 2008

 

Springer A, Csaichcich D, Staudenherz A, Hörmann M. CAKUT, Wien, 2008

 

Springer A, Horcher E. Hodenhochstand – wie agieren? Innsbruck 2008, Eur. Surg 2008; 40:39, Supplement 224

 

Springer A, Horcher E. Rare Renal Tumors – A Single Center 10 Years Experience, Graz, 2008

 

Springer A. Was ist die Kinderchirurgie? Wien 2008

 

Springer A, Bettelheim D, Aufricht C, Horcher E. Urinary extravasation in fetal obstructive uropathy, ESPU, Istanbul 2008

 

Springer A, Horcher E, Hypospadias and the Internet. ISHID/EPSA, Cairo, 2008

 

Springer A, Horcher E. Kinderurologie für Hebammen, Wien (Semmelweisklinik), 2009

 

Springer A, Horcher E. Hypospadie. Mistelbach 2009

 

A. Springer, D. Fengler, C. Huber, E. Horcher. 306 operations for cryptorchidism – What have we learned? Eur. Surg 2009; 41:3, Supplement 228

 

A. Springer, D. Fengler, C. Huber, E. Horcher. Does co-morbiditiy influence the age of orchidopexy? Eur. Surg 2009; 41:5, Supplement 228

 

R. Fartacek, A. Springer, C. Huber, E. Horcher. Clinical management of testicular regression syndrome. Eur. Surg 2009; 41:5-6, Supplement 228

 

A. Springer, E. Horcher. Endocrine disruptors and the development of the male reproductive system. Eur. Surg 2009; 41:6, Supplement 228

 

E. Horcher, W. Rebhandl, A. Springer The appendix as substitute in the biliary and urinary tract system. Eur. Surg 2009; 41:18, Supplement 228

 

Springer A, Horcher E. Minimal Hypospadias may cause Maximal Trouble in Adulthood, Traunkirchen (MESPE), 2009

 

Springer A, Horcher E. The wide clinical spectrum in fetal lower urinary tract obstruction. Eur. Surg 2010; 42:14, Supplement 234 (Kinderchirurgisches Symposium Obergurgl, 2010)

 

Springer A, Horcher E, Tonnhofer U. Ureteric injury in blunt abdominal trauma. Eur. Surg 2010; 42:29, Supplement 234 (Kinderchirurgisches Symposium Obergurgl, 2010)

 

Springer A, Horcher E. Inkontinenz bei Kindern, Inkontinenzforum Coloplast, 2010 (Gmunden)

 

Springer A. Kryptorchismus - Kinderchirurgisches Vorgehen - Therapieoptionen und mögliche Komplikationen, Jahrestagung der APED, 2010 (Fuschl)

 

Springer A, Kratochwill K, Bergmeister H, Huber J, Horcher E, Aufricht C. Fetal uropathy in the sheep model – new insights in molecular pathogenesis? Eur Surg 2010; 42:37, Supplement 236 (Österreichischer Chirurgenkongress, Linz, 2010)

                            

Springer A, Horcher E. Posterior urethral valves – A 5 years single center experience. Donau Symposium, Wien, 2010

 

Springer A, Kratochwill K, Bergmeister H, Huber J, Mayer B, Horcher E, Aufricht C Genetic renal profile in fetal unilateral ureteral obstruction. Experimental study in the sheep. Donau Symposium, Wien, 2010

 

Springer A, Kratochwill K, Bergmeister H, Huber J, Mayer J, Horcher E, Aufricht Ch. Gene expression analysis in fetal unilateral ureteral obstruction in the sheep model. 3rd World Congress of Pediatric Surgeons, Delhi/Indien, 2010)

 

Springer A, Krois W, Horcher E. International Hypospadias Surgery Survey. 4th World Congress of Hypospadias and Disorders of Sexual Development, London/UK, 2011

 

Springer A. Austrian Orchidopexy patterns. British Association of Paediatric Urologists. Cambridge/UK, 2011

 

Springer A Najmaldin A. Robotic Assisted Urological Surgery – The Leeds Experience. Eur Surg 2012; 44:76, Supplement 245 (Österreichischer Chirurgenkongress, Salzburg, 2012)

 

Springer A, Subramaniam R. Split Dorsal Dartos Flap Transposed Ventrally as a Bed for Preputial Skin Graft in Primary Staged Hypospadias Repair. (Kinderchirurgisches Symposium Obergurgl, 2012)

 

Springer  A, Kratochwill K, Bergmeister H, Csaicsich D,  Huber J,  Bilban M, Mayer B, Mühlberger I, Amann G, Horcher E, Aufricht C. Genetic Characterization of Unilateral Fetal Obstructive Uropathy in the Ovine Model by cDNA Microarray Analysis (Kinderchirurgisches Symposium Obergurgl, 2012)

 

Cundy TP, Gattas NE, Whiteley SM, Springer A, Najmaldin AS.  Application of Robot Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery in Paediatric Urology - A Seven Year Single Surgeon Experience. London, 2013 (The Hamyln Symposium on Medical Robotics)

 

Springer A, Krall C, Fülöp G. Incidence of Orchidopexy in Austria from 1993 to 2009. Eur Surg 2013; 45:S67, Supplement 2 (Österreichischer Chirurgenkongress, Salzburg, 2013)

 

Angleitner P, Springer A. Worldwide Incidence of Undescended Testis and Orchidopexy: A Review. Eur Surg 2013; 45:S68, Supplement 2 (Österreichischer Chirurgenkongress, Salzburg, 2013)

Riedl S, Schlegel W, Springer A, Blümel P. Aufbau eines Österreichischen Disorders of Sex Development (DSD)-Kompetenznetzwerks. (51. Jahrestagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Innsbruck)

 

Springer A. Abklärung sexueller Missbrauch beim Jungen. Fortbildungsveranstaltung Opfer- und Kinderschutz AKH, Wien, 2013

 

Springer A, Riedl S, Jiang J, Ahmed F. Assessment of Outcome in Hypospadias Surgery Using the I-DSD Registry Hypospadias Assessment Score. (5th World Congress on ISHID, K.G.M.U, Lucknow, India), 2013

 

Springer A, Jiang J, Ahmed F. Introduction of the I-DSD hypospadias assessment tool. ESPU, 2014 Innsbruck

 

Springer A. Chirurgisch/Urologische Optionen bei DSD – Zeitpunkte, Ergebnisse. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgruppe Pädiatrische Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Anif 2014

 

Springer A. Standardized assessment of phenotype. DSDnet Working Group Meeting, Lübeck, 2014

 

Springer A. Standardized assessment of phenotype – An Update. DSDnet Working Group Meeting, Wien, 2014

 

Springer A, Ringelspacher E, Tonnhofer U, Fülöp G. Beschneidung in Österreich – Realität und Cultural Bias, Deutscher Chirurgentag, Berlin, 2014

 

Springer A. Current Best Practice Options in the Management of Hypospadias of the Société Internationale d´Urologie (SIU) 2014. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kinderchirurgie, Leipzig, 2014

 

Springer A. Intersexualität aus kinderchirurgischer Perspektive, Wien, 2014

 

Springer A. 2014 Current Best Practice Options in the Management of Hypospadias  Societie Urologie International (SIU), Wien, 2014

 

Springer A. Kinderurologie für die NeonatogIn, Wien, 2014

 

Springer A, Riedl S. Medical Decision Making - Personalisierte Entscheidungen „in the best interest of the patient“,Geschlechtsmodifizierende Operation bei einem Mädchen mit Androgenitalem Syndrom. Jahrestagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Wien, 2014

 

Springer A. Hypospadien – Werden sie häufiger? Jahrestagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Wien, 2014

 

Springer A. Kinderurologie - Eine Übersicht. Landeskrankenhaus Zwettl, 2014

 

Tonnhofer U, Springer A. Abdominalschmerz als Hinweis auf ein akutes Skrotum oder „die Scham-  eine Bürde für Adoleszente mit Hodenschmerzen“, Deutscher Chirurgentag, Berlin, 2014

Springer A. Minimal Invasive Pediatric Urology – Pros and Cons. Obergurgl, 2015

 

Springer A. Endoscopic Correction of High grade VUR, COPU Course, Leeds/UK, 2015

 

Springer A. Kinderurologie im Neugeborenenalter, Wien, Fortbildung Fetalmedizin, 2015

 

Springer A. Hypospadias and the Internet. ISHID International Hypospadias Workshop, Seligenstadt, 2015

 

Springer A. Male Urogenital Reconstruction. DSDNet Training School, Ghent/Belgium, 2015

 

Springer A. Comprehensive Phenotyping in DSD. I-DSD Symposium, Ghent/Belgium, 2015

 

Springer A. Unilaterale obstruktive fetale Uropathie im Schafmodell – Molekulare Mechanismen und kontralaterales Wachstum, AK Kinderurologie, Mannheim/Deutschland, 2016

 

Weinhandl A, Fülöp G, Metzelder M, Springer A. The Cologne Court Decision on Circumcision Rates in German Speaking Europe, Österreichischer Chirurgenkongress, Salzburg, 2016

 

Tonnhofer U, Hebestreit D, Metzelder M, Springer A. Anogential Distance and Index/Ringfinger Ratio in Boys with Hypospadias and Undescended Testis – not so much difference? Österreichischer Chirurgenkongress, Salzburg, 2016

 

Springer A. Update Nationales Projekt „Aufbau eines Österreichischen DSD-Kompetenznetzwerks“, DSD-Treffen, Anif, 2016

 

Springer A. Schwere Komplikationen/Resurgery bei Hypospadie-Patienten, DSD-Treffen, Anif, 2016

 

Baumann S, Mitulovic G, Csaicsich D, Weinhandl A, Metzelder M, Springer A. Potential noninvasive biomarker for VUR obtained by urinary proteomics, Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kinderheilkunde, Hamburg, 2016

 

Springer A. Experimental Fetal Obstructive Uropathy – Where are we in 2016?, Czech Association of Pediatric Urology, Olomouc, 2016

 

Springer A. Nierentrauma. Wien, 2016

 

Tonnhofer U, Hebestreit D, van den Heijkant M, Springer A. Anogential Distance and Index/Ringfinger Ratio in Boys with Hypospadias and Undescended Testis, ESPU 27th Annual Congress, Harrogate/UK, 2016

 

Hebenstreit D, Csaicsich D, Springer A, Müller-Sacherer T. Pediatric renal transplantation in posterior urethral valve patients – Outcome and therapy management. Nieren- und Hochdruckerkrankungen, 2017; 46:20

 

Springer A, Langer S, Csaicsich D, Brugger P, Prayer, Pones M. The prognostic value of fetal MRI in posterior urethral valves. Nieren- und Hochdruckerkrankungen, 2017; 46:49

 

Springer A, Aufricht C, Csaicsich D, Scharrer A, Kratochwill K, Bergmeister H, Huber J, Mayer B, Mühlberger I. Experimental fetal unilateral and bilateral obstructive uropathy. Nieren- und Hochdruckerkrankungen, 2017; 46:50

 

Csaicsich D, Sucher M, Springer A, Tonnhofer U. Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede beim angeborenen vesikoureteralen Reflux. Nieren- und Hochdruckerkrankungen, 2017; 46:52

 

Springer A. Appendix vermiformis als linker Ureterersatz – Langzeit follow-up. Jahrestagung Arbeitskreis Kinderurologie, Mannheim, 2017

 

Tonnhofer U, Hebenstreit D, Springer A. Das Längenverhältnis von Zeige- und Ringfinger bei Knaben mit Hypospadie. Jahrestagung Arbeitskreis Kinderurologie, Mannheim, 2017

 

Springer A. Hypospadias. As visiting professor, Ljubljana, Slowenien, 2017

 

Springer A. Anogenital Distance in Boys – Is it a good Marker for Patients with Hypospadias? Cairo, 2017

 

Springer A. Ameliorate your skills in hypospadias repair. How to select a proper procedure? Cairo, 2017

 

Springer A. Controversy in hypospadias repair. How to select a proper procedure? Cairo, 2017

 

Springer A. Normal penis, Normal measurements, Glans, meatus, shaft and penoscrotal angle. Cairo, 2017

 

Springer A. Varianten der Geschlechtsentwicklung. Wien, 2017

 

Springer A. Kinderurologie- Urogenitale Rekonstruktion. Wien, 2017

 

Springer A. The actual role and clinical impact of diuretic renogram in management of prenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis. EANM, Wien, 2017

 

Springer A. Duplex anomalies. ESPU Educational Course, Krakow, Polen, 2017

 

Springer A. Posterior Urethral Valves. ESPU Educational Course, Krakow, Polen, 2017

 

Springer A. The Role of Social Media in Hypospadias Surgery. World Congress of Hypospadias, Moscow, 2017

 

Springer A. Should we operate on glandular hypospadias? World Congress of Hypospadias, Moscow, 2017

 

Springer A. Current Management of Distal Hypospadias in Austria. World Congress of Hypospadias, Moscow, 2017

 

Springer A. Kinderurologie, Wien 2017

 

Springer A. Feminisierende Genitoplastik, OEGGG, Wien 2017

 

Springer A. Kinderurologie, Wien 2017

 

Weninger J, Metzelder M, Ringelspacher E, Scharer A, Springer A. Following circumcision lichen sclerosus of the penis does not have long term effects, OEGKCH, Wien 2017

 

Tonnhofer U, Metzelder M, Springer A. Challenges in Changing Patient Populations: the European Refugee Crisis, OEGKCH, Wien 2017

 

Springer A. Blasenentleerungstörungen bei MMC, Wien, 2017

Springer A, Koszutski T, Kudela G, Hiess M, Tonnhofer U. Meyer-Weigert – Empfehlung oder Gesetz? Mannheim, AKKU, 2018

 

Springer A, Berra M. Consensus on uro‐gynecological follow‐up of individuals who have a DSD. DSDNet Meeting, Lübeck, 2018

 

Tonnhofer U, Springer A, Metzelder M, Hiess M. Challenges in changing patient populations: the
European refugee crisis, Deutscher Chirurgenkongress, Berlin, 2018

 

Tonnhofer U, Metzelder M, Springer A. Hypospadias- Classification and Therapy 2018, Deutscher Chirurgenkongress, Berlin, 2018

 

Weinhandl A, Metzelder M, Springer A, Fülöp G. The Impact of the Cologne Court Decision on Circumcision Rates in German Speaking Europe, Deutscher Chirurgenkongress, Berlin, 2018

 

Hebenstreit D, Csaicsich D, Hebenstreit K, Müller-Sacherer T, Berlakovich G, Springer A. Pediatric renal transplantation in patients with posterior urethral valves - Outcome and therapy management. ESPU Helsinki, 2018

 

Tonnhofer U, Hiess M, Metzelder M, Hebenstreit D, Krall C, Springer A. Does the Anogenital Distance predict Outcome of Hypospadias Repair? ESPU Helsinki, 2018

 

Springer A. Ureterorenoscopic removal of a foreign body in a newborn following fetal nephrostomy. ESPU Helsinki, 2018

 

Springer A. The Prognostic Value of fetal MRI in Posterior Urethral Valves. Czech Pediatric Urology Meeting, Ostravice, 2018

 

Springer A. Complication following minimal-valve ablation, ESPU EC Masterclass, Vienna 2018

 

Springer A. Why epidiymitis in PUV?, ESPU EC Masterclass, Vienna 2018

 

Tonnhofer U, Springer A. Minimal posterior urethral valves, ESPU EC Masterclass, Vienna 2018

 

Springer A, Langer S, Brugger P, Prayer D, Csaicsich D, Pones M, Bettelheim D. The Prognostic Value of fetal MRI in Posterior Urethral Valves, ESPU EC Masterclass, Vienna 2018

 

Springer A. Urologische Kindernotfälle, bzw. häufige urologische Diagnosen in der Notfallambulanz, St. Anna Kinderspital, 2018

 

Springer A. Long-term data in hypospadias surgery – Implications for management? Hypospadias and DSD, Vienna 2018

 

Springer A. Posterior  Urethral Valves, ESPU EC Annual Course, Baku/Azerbaijan, 2018

 

Springer A. Androgens and Hypospadias, Hypospadias International Society, Frankfurt, 2018

 

Springer A. Registries and Hypospadias, Hypospadias International Society, Frankfurt, 2018

 

 

Poster

Springer A, Amann G, Horcher E Gastrointestinal Stromatumor in a 12 year old female (GIST), St. Wolfgang, 2005

 

Springer A, Horcher E, Waldhauser F. Kallmann Syndrome –Treatment in early childhood, Istanbul, 2005

 

Springer A, Horcher E, Rebhandl W. Surgical Management of Abdominal Tuberculosis in Europe, Delhi, India, 2006

 

Springer A, Schweikert U, Hiort O, Horcher E, Waldhauser F. Gonadal Management in Patients with 5-alpha reductase deficiency, Delhi, India, 2006

 

Riedl S, Springer A, Huber J. Severe virilisation of a 46XX newborn and her mother during pregnancy: A novel case of aromatase deficiency. 3rd EuroDSD Symposium - From Gene to Gender, Lübeck/Germany, 2011

 

Springer A, Krois W, Horcher E. Antibiotics, analgesics, androgens and epinephrine in hypospadias surgery – results of an international study. ESPU 23rd Annual Congress, Zürich/Switzerland, 2012

 

Springer A, Fülöp G, Subramaniam R. Age distribution of boys undergoing orchidopexy in Austria from 1993 to 2009. ESPU 23rd Annual Congress, Zürich/Switzerland, 2012

 

Springer  A, Subramaniam R. Further Experience With Longer Follow Up With Use Of Acellular Matrix as a Splint Following Urethroplasty. ESPU 24th Annual Congress, Genua/Italy, 2013

Riedl S, Springer A, Schlegel W, Hiort O, Wudy S. Discrepant biochemical findings and remarkable clinical course during early puberty in a 46,XY-individual with suspected 5α-reductase deficiency. Glasgow, 2013 (I-DSD Symposium 2013 - University of Glasgow)

 

Springer A, Jiang J, Ahmed F. Introduction of the I-DSD hypospadias assessment tool. ESPU, 2014 Innsbruck

Tonnhofer U, Hebenstreit D, Metzelder M, Springer A. Male infants with hypospadias, or cryptorchidism do not show a different index finger/ring finger ratio than other boys. ESPU, Barcelona, 2017

 

Weinhandl A, Baumann S, Csaicsich D, Schlangen K, Metzelder M, Mitulovic G, Springer A. Urine Proteomics in CHildren with Vesicoureteral Reflux, ESPU, Barcelona, 2017

 

Springer A, Tonnhofer U, Kudela G, Ahmed F, Riedl S, Cools M. Hypospadias Assessment Tool as proposed by the COST Action BM1303 “A Systematic Elucidation of DSD”, I-DSD Kopenhagen, 2017

Tonnhofer U, Hebenstreit D, Springer A. Das Längenverhältnis von Zeige- und Ringfinger bei Knaben mit Hypospadie. Jahrestagung Arbeitskreis Kinderurologie, Mannheim, 2017

 

Springer A. Hypospadias. As visiting professor, Ljubljana, Slowenien, 2017

 

Springer A. Anogenital Distance in Boys – Is it a good Marker for Patients with Hypospadias? Cairo, 2017

 

Springer A. Ameliorate your skills in hypospadias repair. How to select a proper procedure? Cairo, 2017

 

Springer A. Controversy in hypospadias repair. How to select a proper procedure? Cairo, 2017

 

Springer A. Normal penis, Normal measurements, Glans, meatus, shaft and penoscrotal angle. Cairo, 2017

 

Springer A. Varianten der Geschlechtsentwicklung. Wien, 2017

 

Springer A. Kinderurologie- Urogenitale Rekonstruktion. Wien, 2017

 

Springer A. The actual role and clinical impact of diuretic renogram in management of prenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis. EANM, Wien, 2017

 

Springer A. Duplex anomalies. ESPU Educational Course, Krakow, Polen, 2017

 

Springer A. Posterior Urethral Valves. ESPU Educational Course, Krakow, Polen, 2017

 

Springer A. The Role of Social Media in Hypospadias Surgery. World Congress of Hypospadias, Moscow, 2017

 

Springer A. Should we operate on glandular hypospadias? World Congress of Hypospadias, Moscow, 2017

 

Springer A. Current Management of Distal Hypospadias in Austria. World Congress of Hypospadias, Moscow, 2017

 

Springer A. Kinderurologie, Wien 2017

 

Springer A. Feminisierende Genitoplastik, OEGGG, Wien 2017

 

Springer A. Kinderurologie, Wien 2017

 

Weninger J, Metzelder M, Ringelspacher E, Scharer A, Springer A. Following circumcision lichen sclerosus of the penis does not have long term effects, OEGKCH, Wien 2017

 

Tonnhofer U, Metzelder M, Springer A. Challenges in Changing Patient Populations: the European Refugee Crisis, OEGKCH, Wien 2017

 

Springer A. Blasenentleerungstörungen bei MMC, Wien, 2017

 

Springer A, Koszutski T, Kudela G, Hiess M, Tonnhofer U. Meyer-Weigert – Empfehlung oder Gesetz? Mannheim, AKKU, 2018

 

Springer A, Berra M. Consensus on uro‐gynecological follow‐up of individuals who have a DSD. DSDNet Meeting, Lübeck, 2018

 

Tonnhofer U, Springer A, Metzelder M, Hiess M. Challenges in changing patient populations: the
European refugee crisis, Deutscher Chirurgenkongress, Berlin, 2018

 

Tonnhofer U, Metzelder M, Springer A. Hypospadias- Classification and Therapy 2018, Deutscher Chirurgenkongress, Berlin, 2018

 

Weinhandl A, Metzelder M, Springer A, Fülöp G. The Impact of the Cologne Court Decision on Circumcision Rates in German Speaking Europe, Deutscher Chirurgenkongress, Berlin, 2018

 

Hebenstreit D, Csaicsich D, Hebenstreit K, Müller-Sacherer T, Berlakovich G, Springer A. Pediatric renal transplantation in patients with posterior urethral valves - Outcome and therapy management. ESPU Helsinki, 2018

 

Tonnhofer U, Hiess M, Metzelder M, Hebenstreit D, Krall C, Springer A. Does the Anogenital Distance predict Outcome of Hypospadias Repair? ESPU Helsinki, 2018

 

Springer A. Ureterorenoscopic removal of a foreign body in a newborn following fetal nephrostomy. ESPU Helsinki, 2018

 

Springer A. The Prognostic Value of fetal MRI in Posterior Urethral Valves. Czech Pediatric Urology Meeting, Ostravice, 2018

 

Springer A. Complication following minimal-valve ablation, ESPU EC Masterclass, Vienna 2018

 

Springer A. Why epidiymitis in PUV?, ESPU EC Masterclass, Vienna 2018

 

Tonnhofer U, Springer A. Minimal posterior urethral valves, ESPU EC Masterclass, Vienna 2018

 

Springer A, Langer S, Brugger P, Prayer D, Csaicsich D, Pones M, Bettelheim D. The Prognostic Value of fetal MRI in Posterior Urethral Valves, ESPU EC Masterclass, Vienna 2018

 

Springer A. Urologische Kindernotfälle, bzw. häufige urologische Diagnosen in der Notfallambulanz, St. Anna Kinderspital, 2018

 

Springer A. Long-term data in hypospadias surgery – Implications for management? Hypospadias and DSD, Vienna 2018

 

Springer A. Posterior  Urethral Valves, ESPU EC Annual Course, Baku/Azerbaijan, 2018

 

Springer A. Androgens and Hypospadias, Hypospadias International Society, Frankfurt, 2018

 

Springer A. Registries and Hypospadias, Hypospadias International Society, Frankfurt, 2018

 

Springer A. Stand der Diskussionen über AGS und DSD/VdG/Inter* auf Europa-Ebene? International? Jahrestagung Selbsthilfegruppe AGS, Wels 2018

 

Springer A. Intersexualität Update: Wie und wann diagnostizieren und therapieren? Europäische Guidelines 2018. Österreichische Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Sexualmedizin und Sexuellen Gesundheit, Wien, 2018

 

Springer A, Hiess M. Intersex. Gender-Ringvorlesung der Stabstelle Gender Mainstreaming und Diversity MedUni Wien, 2018

 

Hiess M, Springer A. Renal Tumors, ESPU, Leuven, 2019

 

Springer A, Tonnhofer U, Hiess M, Metzelder M. A very unusual presentation of PUV without dilatation of the upper renal tract or renal dysplasia, Mannheim, JAKU, 2019

 

Springer A, Tonnhofer U, Hiess M, Metzelder M. Der versenkte JJ-Katheter – Pech oder Glücksfall? Mannheim, JAKU, 2019

Alexander Springer, Anna Nordenström, Ralitsa Robeva, Joanne Hall, Puck Westerveld, Christa Flück, Birgit Köhler, Marta Berra, Katinka Schweizer, Vickie Pasterski, Martine Cools im Namen der COST Action BM1303 working group 1. COST BM1303 "A Systematic Elucidation of DSD": Caring for individuals with a difference of sex development (DSD) - Ein Europäisches Consensus Dokument, Mannheim, JAKU, 2019

 

Tonnhofer U, Metzelder M, Springer A. Complication Profile of reconstructive procedures of the Urinary tract, Obergurgl, 2019

 

Springer A. AGS und Chirurgie. Jahrestagung Selbsthilfegruppe AGS, Wels 2019

 

Springer A, AGS – Eine Übersicht. Gynäkologische Fortbildung, AKH, Wien, 2019

 

Springer A, Tonnhofer U, Hiess M, Metzelder M, Hebenstreit D. Midline Incision of a Graft in Staged Hypospadias Repair–Where are reports?, Czech Annual Pediatric Urology Meeting, Prag, 2019

 

Springer A. Harninkontinenz und Blasenentleerungsstörungen, Wien, 2019

 

Springer A. Duplex Anomalies, ESPU Educational Committee Educational Course, Mannheim, 2019

 

Springer A. Intersex, Wien, 2019

 

Springer A. Laparoscopic approach to Zinner syndrome. Cairo/Egypt, 2019

 

Springer A. Disorders of Sexual Development (DSD) & Surgery. Where are we in 2019? Cairo/Egypt, 2019

 

Springer A. Tubularised Incised Graft Urethroplasty (TIG) In Staged Hypospadias Repair, Philadelphia/USA, 2019

 

Springer A. A Systematic Review Of Core Outcomes For Hypospadias Surgery, Philadelphia/USA, 2019

 

Springer A. Can The Anogenital Distance Predict The Outcome Of Hypospadias Surgery? Philadelphia/USA, 2019

 

L. Tack; E Van Hoecke; A Springer; S. Riedl; U. Tonnhofer; M. Hiess; J. Weninger; E Van Laecke; P Hoebeke; AF Spinoit; M. Cools. Long-term psychosexual outcome of men born with hypospadias, Philadelphia/USA, 2019

 

L Tack, A Mahmoud, K. Tilleman, A Springer, S. Riedl, U. Tonnhofer, M. Hiess, J. Weninger, E Van Laecke, P Hoebeke, AF Spinoit, M. Cools. Endocrine and reproductive outcome of men born with various degrees of hypospadias, Philadelphia/USA, 2019

 

 

L. Tack; M. Hiess, A Springer ; S. Riedl;U. Tonnhofer; J. Weninger; E Van Laecke; P Hoebeke; AF Spinoit; M. Cools. Long-term urological outcome of men born with hypospadias, Philadelphia/USA, 2019

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